Changes

refactor(pipelines/pingcap/tidb-operator): update e2e-runner image (#3556)

* Use the Docker CLI image to avoid the need to install Docker ce cli.
* This commit changes the e2e-runner image from golang:1.23-bullseye to
docker:28.1-cli and modifies the command to use /bin/sh instead of
/bin/bash. The script now installs Go 1.23 using apk instead of apt-get,
and enhances the logic for waiting on the Docker daemon to be
responsive, improving reliability during the CI process.
 (commit: ed04412)